People with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may have the highest risk of developing organ damage in the first year after diagnosis, according to a recent study. The risk appears to gradually lower over time.

For the longitudinal study (research following people over an extended period of time), researchers analyzed data from 4,219 people diagnosed with SLE, the most common form of lupus. They found that 20 percent experienced organ damage within the first year of diagnosis, compared to 11 percent and 9 percent in the second and third years. This risk declined further, stabilizing at 5 percent annually after five years.

Early damage mostly affected the bones, joints, brain, and kidneys. Cardiovascular damage (including heart and blood vessel issues) was also common. Later damage primarily involved the bones, joints, eyes, and cardiovascular system.

Why Is Organ Damage More Likely Early in SLE?

Organ damage in SLE may result from disease activity or treatments like high-dose glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. Early in the disease, inflammation is often more severe, and aggressive treatment may contribute to damage. Over time, as inflammation is managed and therapies adjusted, the likelihood of new damage decreases.

To reduce risks, it’s vital to work closely with health care providers, especially during the first year after diagnosis. Regular monitoring, early interventions to control inflammation, and minimizing reliance on high-dose steroids when possible may help limit organ damage. Inform your doctor of any new or worsening symptoms right away.

Learn about five signs of SLE complications, including heart problems and kidney issues.

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